Next, all that we have to do is add the various active personal endings to this stem to conjugate the verb in the present active indicative. The present stem of amo, amare, amavi, amatum, therefore, is simply ama. All that we have to do to get the present stem of this verb is drop the -re ending. This is the present active infinitive, which translates as "to love". amo, amare).įirst, let's look at the second principle part, amare. Right now, we will only concern ourselves with the first two principle parts (i.e. Let's look at our first Latin verb: amo, amare, amavi, amatum (to love).Įach normal verb entry (if you were to look it up in the dictionary) contains four principal parts. Therefore, -o corresponds to I -s to you (singular) -t to he/she/it -mus to we -tis to you (plural) -nt to they.įirst Conjugation: Present Infinitive Active, Present Stem, and Conjugation The personal endings for the active voice are as follows: Latin, however, indicates the subject of a verb by inflected endings, called personal endings. We cannot say "loves food" in proper English. Notice that in English, in order to ascertain the subject of a verb, either the subject itself or a personal pronoun (I, we, you, he, she, it, they) must be given. Note 2: A verbal form such as "I love" is known as a finite form, because it shows all of the five characteristics of a verb. Infinitives come in the form "to -" or "to be -", and they lack person and number. In this case, it is the present active infinitive. Note 1: The form "To Love" is known as the infinitive. Let's conjugate an English verb (To Love) in the Present Indicative Active (Present = tense, Indicative = mood, Active = voice).
*passive - The sandwich is eaten by the man.Ī verb conjugation lists all of its forms according to the five variations listed above (person, number, tense, voice, mood).
Voice - In transitive verbs, voice refers to whether the subject receives the action or performs the action Latin has two voices, active and passive. Mood - Refers to the manner of indicating the action or state of the verb Latin has three moods - the Indicative (which governs facts), the Imperative (which governs commands), and the Subjunctive (which deals with hypothesis/potentiality and subordination).ĥ. Tense - Refers to the time of the action of the verb Latin has six tenses (present, future, imperfect, perfect, future perfect, and pluperfect).Ĥ. Number - Refers to how many subjects singular or plural.ģ. Person - This refers to the subject of the verb in active verbs, it refers to who is performing the action in passive verbs, it refers to who receives the action.Ģ. Latin verbs (and verbs in general) all have the following five characteristics:ġ.
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